.. O código serve para colocar as fontes necessárias - dados do Google Fonts .. raw:: html ====================================== Artigos Revisados por Pares ou Resumos ====================================== Esta seção reúne a produção científica de Cicero Moraes em periódicos e congressos nacionais e internacionais, contemplando 44 artigos revisados por pares e 7 trabalhos aceitos em forma de resumo. O conjunto evidencia não apenas a consistência e continuidade da trajetória acadêmica, mas também a amplitude temática alcançada, que vai da reconstrução facial forense e bioarqueologia a aplicações em odontologia, medicina, tecnologia assistiva e arqueologia digital. Grande parte dos estudos envolve personagens históricos e achados arqueológicos de grande relevância cultural, como Tutancamon, Amenhotep III, Mozart, Santo Antônio, e outros, mostrando como a ciência pode dialogar com a história, a arte e a sociedade contemporânea. Ao mesmo tempo, os artigos aplicados em áreas médicas e odontológicas demonstram a utilidade prática das tecnologias desenvolvidas, muitas delas baseadas em softwares livres e metodologias abertas. O resultado é uma produção altamente colaborativa e internacional, com parcerias que incluem especialistas de diferentes países e instituições de renome. Mais do que números, esta coletânea evidencia a busca constante por rigor científico, inovação metodológica e impacto social. ----- 2025 (Total no ano: 4) ====================== .. figure:: images/Article_Archaeometry.jpg :align: center | -------------------------------------------------------- Image Formation on the Holy Shroud—A Digital 3D Approach -------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes** | ● *Archaeometry (Wiley)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.70030 | ● Peer reviewd ✅ *This study investigates the origin of the image imprinted on the Shroud of Turin, a linen artifact displaying the frontal and dorsal figures of an adult man with marks of physical violence, using 3D digital simulations. Through free and open-source software, parametric modeling of a human body, fabric dynamics simulation, and contact area mapping were performed. Two scenarios were compared: the projection of a three-dimensional human model and that of a low-relief model. The results demonstrate that the contact pattern generated by the low-relief model is more compatible with the Shroud's image, showing less anatomical distortion and greater fidelity to the observed contours, while the projection of a 3D body results in a significantly distorted image. The accessible and replicable methodology suggests that the Shroud's image is more consistent with an artistic low-relief representation than with the direct imprint of a real human body, supporting hypotheses of its origin as a medieval work of art.* .. .. attention:: .. Este artigo se tornou o mais influente da história do journal Archaeometry, segundo a `Altmetric `_. ----- .. figure:: images/Article_AVA.jpg :align: center | --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3D Facial Approximation of Ava, a Scottish woman from 3,800 years ago --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **C. Moraes**; M.E. Habicht; V. Vittori; J. Mietlińska-Sauter; E. varotto; F.M. Galassi | ● *Human Evolution* | ● https://doi.org/10.14673/he2025121145 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This study presents a novel 3D facial approximation of “Ava,” a young woman associated with the Beaker culture, whose remains were discovered in 1987 at Achavanich, Scotland. Building on the foundation laid by the Achavanich Beaker Burial Project and integrating anthropological, genetic, and digital modeling techniques, the present work reconstructs Ava’s face using open-access 3D data and forensic methods. The process involved anatomical deformation, projection based on statistical and morphometric data, and adaptation to DNA-based phenotypic predictions. The model was developed in Blender 3D using the OrtogOnBlender add-on. The resulting approximation incorporates not only skeletal analysis but also genomic insights into pigmentation traits. Endocranial volume was also assessed and contextualised with comparative cranial datasets. This reconstruction contributes to public engagement with Scottish prehistory and exemplifies how interdisciplinary and open-access approaches can extend the reach and impact of forensic facial approximation.* ----- .. figure:: images/Article_Wenceslas.jpg :align: center | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic Facial Approximation of the Skull Attributed to Wenceslas of Bohemia (ca. 907–935) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Johari Yap Abdullah; Jiří Šindelář; Matej Šindelář; Petr Kroupa; Jan Frolík; Francesco Maria Galassi; Thiago Beaini | ● *Heritage (MDPI)* | ● https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060221 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This study presents a digital forensic facial approximation of Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia (ca. 907–935), based on photographs of the skull attributed to the saint, preserved in St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague. The skull was replicated through structural deformation using public domain images, adjusted to historical measurements, and enriched with anthropometric data. The facial approximation combined traditional techniques with statistical projections from tomography of living individuals, resulting in two versions: an objective one and another with artistic and more speculative elements based on historical descriptions. Comparisons with Petr Parler’s 14th-century statue and a previous reconstruction revealed structural consistency, suggesting the skull may have inspired the sculpture. This work contributes to humanizing historical figures and reinforces Wenceslas’s legacy as a Czech icon.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Led 3-D Scan Technology for Complex Penile Deformity Documentation - Proof of Concept Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Nascimento, Bruno Chiesa Gouveia; Sanvido, Lucas Vasconcelos; Rossetti, Carlos Augusto; Moraes, **Cicero da Costa**; Barros, Isabela de Carvalho; Bessa, Jose; Nahas, William Carlos; Hallak, Jorge; Mulhall, John; Gomes, Cristiano Mendes | ● *The Journal of Urology ( American Urological Association - AUA)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0001109844.35105.ca.02 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ *Peyronie's Disease (PD) with complex deformities are challenging to evaluate and document, due to its three-dimensional (3D) nature and the possible presence of volume-loss deformities (VLD). 3-D technology holds the potential to improve objective documentation improving the decision-making and surgical outcomes. To evaluate the feasibility of reporting different penile deformities using a portable 3D scanner with LED light technology and its accuracy in quantifying penile deformity.* ----- 2024 (Total no ano: 15) ======================= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Digital twins of archaeological finds: open source technologies applied to 3D scanning -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Luca Bezzi, Alessandro Bezzi, Rupert Gietl, **Cicero Moraes**, Giuseppe Naponiello | ● *Archeologia e Calcolatori (CNR)* | ● https://doi.org/10.19282/ac.35.2.2024.22 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This article aims to analyze the complex issue of 3D documentation of archaeological artifacts under different viewpoints: from potential technologies to current methodological limitations, in light of the obtained results. These results will be described based on direct experiences derived from specific archaeological projects, whose primary aim was indeed the creation of digital replicas of selected artifacts. Among the institutions involved in such projects are the MArTA (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Taranto), the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, and the UMST (Unit. di Missione Strategica) of the Soprintendenza per i Beni e le Attività Culturali of the Autonomous Province of Trento (PAT).* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nové poznatky o hrobu knížete Vratislava I. z baziliky sv. Jiří na Pražském hradě --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Milena Bravermanová, Helena Březinová, Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, Jan Frolik, Romana Kočárová, **Cicero Moraes**, Sylvie Odstrčilová, Petra Stránská, Ivo Světlík, Jiří Šindelář, Petr Velemínský | ● *Archaeologia historica* | ● https://doi.org/10.5817/AH2024-2-15 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Příspěvek nově analyzuje dostupné poznatky o hrobu knížete Vratislava I. v lodi baziliky sv. Jiří na Pražském hradě (JK-97). Provedena byla revize antropologických poznatků, analýza stabilních izotopů uhlíku (δ13C) a dusíku (δ15N), analýza starobylé DNA, radiouhlíkové datování a vyhodnocení předmětů z výplně hrobové jámy (kovové předměty, keramika, sklo, kůže, textil). Získaná data ukazují na složitý vývoj hrobového místa s doklady elitního raně středověkého hrobu.* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Problem of identification of ancient human remains as exemplified by the analysis of the Ancient Egyptian mummy known as Baqt --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **C Moraes**, FD Pate, ME Habicht | ● *International Journal of Anthropology* | ● https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2024341123 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *In this paper, the problem of identification of ancient human remains is assessed through the practical example offered by the analysis of the ancient Egyptian mummy labelled as Cairo CG 61076, which was found in the royal cachette of Deir el-Bahari (DB 320) and was subsequently called “Baqt”. This research, building on a previously published piece of research in a humanities setting, stresses how reassessing the published literature and photographs and producing a facial reconstruction for the first time.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------- The Gilded Lady: A Novel Approach to Her Facial Approximation ------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**, Thiago Beaini, Francesco Maria Galassi, Veronica Papa, Elena Varotto, Michael Habicht | ● *Anthropologie* | ● https://doi.org/10.26720/anthro.24.04.06.1 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This note presents a novel approach to facial approximation adopting forensic methodologies, that is the process of recreating an individual's facial traits from their osteological remains by combing anatomo-anthropological techniques with artistic rendering. In this article, a facial approximation of the famous mummy known as the "Gilded Lady" is offered based on previously published video material and CT scan data. The process is explained in its main steps. This new facial approximation contributes to the ongoing technical development of the digital applications to the field of bioarchaeology.* ----- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Il Volto del Santo. Un Avanzamento nell’Approssimazione Facciale Forense di Sant’Antonio ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**, Luca Bezzi, Nicola Carrara | ● *Il Santo (Centro Studi Antoniani)* | ● https://opac.regesta-imperii.de/id/3056595 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ ----- .. figure:: images/Article_Adalbert.jpg :align: center | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- The digital facial approximation of Saint Adalbert of Prague (AD 956–997) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Jiří Šindelář; Martin Frouz; Michael E. Habicht; Elena Varotto; Joanna Mietlińska-Sauter; Francesco Maria Galassi | ● *Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00396 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The mummy of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388–1351 BC) and its facial approximation: An anatomical approach ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Michael E. Habicht; Marco Artico; Flavio Forte; Elena Varotto; Francesco M. Galassi | ● *Clinical Anatomy (Wiley)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24251 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This article offers for the first time a facial approximation of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388–1351 BC) based on photographic material of his mortal remains and anthropometric data collected at the time, and by adopting a novel technique previously used in similar research by our team. A comprehensive discussion of the mummy attributed to Pharaoh Amenhotep III is also annexed to the study, focusing on the bioarcheological and embalming aspect* ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Facial approximation of the controversial skull attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Jiří Šindelář; Michael E. Habicht; Luca Sineo; Thiago Beaini; Elena Varotto; Francesco Maria Galassi | ● *Anthropological Review (Polish Anthropological Society)* | ● https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.87.4.06 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) is considered as one of the greatest composers of the Classical Period of music (ca. 1750–1820). Gifted with an unparalleled precocity, which allowed him to play and compose at the highest levels from a very young age, he continued his studies until the end of his life. Despite his prominent status, he was buried in a collective grave and years later his skull was supposedly recovered, reaching the present day surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery and controversy. This study, using a free, open-source, multiplatform software and the available published material, independently seeks to approximate the face of this skull and compare it with previous publications and portraits painted during the composer’s lifetime.* ----- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3D facial approximation and endocast analysis of the Mummy of Minirdis (Ancient Egypt, ca. 2,300 Before Present) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, C.**; Varotto, E.; Artico, M.; Galassi, F.M.; Forte, F.; Habicht, M.E. | ● *Morphologie (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100781 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The present article offers the facial approximation of the mummy of the ancient Egyptian adolescent named Minirdis (ca. 2300 years BP) by means of anatomical analysis of video-images and through a facial approximation protocol implemented on more historical personages. An evaluation of the mummy's endocast is also offered. A potential diagnosis of Sotos syndrome is cautiously considered but its inherent limitations are detailed. Finally, the methodology is presented as a valuable tool both for bio-historical research and for further studies on normal and pathologic morphologies of the cranio-facial district.* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tecnologia assistiva: a impressão 3D na inclusão de pessoas com baixa visão no estudo de anatomia humana (2024) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● FB Victor, Paulo Eduardo Capel Cardoso, Israel Chilvarquer, **C Moraes**, JP Curi, LMSV Ramps, F Siviero, TL Beaini | ● Brazilian Oral Research | ● https://repositorio.usp.br/item/003231746 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ *A inclusão da pessoa com deficiência, como a baixa visão, compreende a adaptação da possibilidade de aprendizado e representa um desafio e uma oportunidade para aprimorar as práticas educacionais. A Lei Brasileira da Inclusão (LBI - 13.146/2015) define a tecnologia assistiva como produtos, equipamentos, dispositivos, recursos, metodologias, estratégias, práticas e serviços que objetivem promover a funcionalidade e a inclusão. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever ações que visam o desenvolvimento de material didático a fim de auxiliar pessoas com deficiência visual a compreender a complexidade da anatomia do crânio. Utilizando a modelagem 3D, um crânio com os ossos segmentados foi criado por meio do software livre Blender®. Cada peça foi exportada em formato STL e impressa em 3D pela técnica aditiva de filamentos, assim como material com marcações em Braille que foram confeccionados e impressos. O material foi apresentado com QR codes que conduziam para uma audiodescrição das estruturas anatômicas. Utilizando técnica semelhante, uma placa em alto relevo foi prototipada, contendo a lateral do modelo deste crânio para que também possa ser tocada. Parte destas peças foi levada a um evento com temática da inclusão deste grupo de pessoas, tendo grande aceitação por parte daqueles que puderam manusear o material. A inclusão de pessoas e estudantes por meio da tecnologia assistiva possibilita cumprir as recomendações da LBI, mas também representa uma oportunidade na qual os cirurgiões dentistas podem utilizar suas habilidades para auxiliar a população de maneira ampla e significativa* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Facial reconstruction of a deformed skull from the Roman period of Juliopolis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Sertalp, E.; **Moraes, C.**; Bütün, E. | ● *Heritage Science (Springer Nature)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-023-01124-x | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The use of digital technologies in archaeological research has become considerably more widespread in recent years. While the earliest records of the use of electronic data in archaeology date from the 1950 and 1960s, the field has kept growing with the increasing interest in digital tools such as digital photography, three-dimensional imaging, GIS, virtual and artificial reality applications, CAD and facial reconstruction. Such digitization practices are used frequently for documenting, record keeping, and preserving and representing the data recovered from archaeological contexts, and are linked to other fields, such as cultural heritage studies and museology. Facial reconstruction is used to recreate the faces of individual from the past using their skeletal remains. It has been practiced for different reasons in the fields of forensics, anthropology, and archaeology. This study focuses on the facial reconstruction of a skull unearthed from Juliopolis. The reason for choosing this skull in this study is that it is the first and only known deformed skull dated to the Roman period in Anatolia. For the facial reconstruction application, authors created a 3D modelling of the skull by photogrammetry. Then, the missing parts of the skull are completed using the virtual donor library. The results are presented in different forms, as grayscale, in colour with eyes closed or open. Also, the type of deformation is demonstrated in the skull. This study adopts a digital process and is more strongly linked to data interpolation related to the external surface of the face. The prominent advantage of the methodology is being strongly supported by information obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans of living individuals, leaving a little room for the artistic issue in relation to the basic aspect resulting from the interpolation of data. The benefit of facial reconstruction is especially important since it is a way of preserving and presenting archaeological and anthropological data.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Facial Approximation of the Skull Attributed to Jan Žižka (ca. AD 1360–1424) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Johari Yap Abdullah; Jiri Šindelář; Matěj Šindelář; Zuzana Thomová; Jakub Smrčka; Mauro Vaccarezza; Thiago Beaini; Francesco Maria Galassi | ● *Heritage (MDPI)* | ● https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8010007 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The present study aims to approximate the face from the alleged skull of Jan Žižka (ca. AD 1360–1424), a military commander and national hero in the Czech Republic. Found in 1910, the skull has only a fraction of its original structure, which required an initial effort to reconstruct the missing regions from data collected in CT scans of living people’s heads. The forensic facial approximation consisted of projecting the skin boundaries with soft tissue markers and cross-referencing data from statistical projections from CT scans of living people and the use of the anatomical deformation technique, where the digital head of a virtual donor was adjusted until it matched the alleged skull of the Czech general. The final face was the result of the cross-referencing of all data and the completion of the structure respected the iconography attributed to Jan Žižka.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exploratory analysis of new craniometric measures for the investigation of biological sex using open-access statistical and machine-learning tools on a cone-beam computed tomography sample -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Carla Reis Machado; Janaina Paiva Curi; **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Letícia Vilela Santos; Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani; Israel Chilvarquer; Thiago Leite Beaini | ● *International Journal of Legal Medicine (Springer Nature)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-024-03259-3 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Investigation of the biological sex of human remains is a crucial aspect of physical anthropology. However, due to varying states of skeletal preservation, multiple approaches and structures of interest need to be explored. This research aims to investigate the potential use of distances between bifrontal breadth (FMB), infraorbital foramina distance (IOD), nasal breadth (NLB), inter-canine width (ICD), and distance between mental foramina (MFD) for combined sex prediction through traditional statistical methods and through open-access machine-learning tools. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and out of 100 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, 54 individuals were selected with all the points visible. Ten extra exams were chosen to test the predictors developed from the learning sample. Descriptive analysis of measurements, standard deviation, and standard error were obtained. T-student and Mann–Whitney tests were utilized to assess the sex differences within the variables. A logistic regression equation was developed and tested for the investigation of the biological sex as well as decision trees, random forest, and artificial neural networks machine-learning models. The results indicate a strong correlation between the measurements and the sex of individuals. When combined, the measurements were able to predict sex using a regression formula or machine learning based models which can be exported and added to software or webpages. Considering the methods, the estimations showed an accuracy rate superior to 80% for males and 82% for females. All skulls in the test sample were accurately predicted by both statistical and machine-learning models. This exploratory study successfully established a correlation between facial measurements and the sex of individuals, validating the prediction potential of machine learning, augmenting the investigative tools available to experts with a high differentiation potential.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Facial approximation of a skull with signs of tertiary syphilis found in the Skriðuklaustur monastery (Iceland, 15th-16th century AD) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Elena Varotto; Michael E. Habicht; Luca Sineo; Francesco M. Galassi | ● *Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00362 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Syphilis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, caused major problems for the old continent after the European discovery of the Americas in 1492 and its export to Europe, although treponemal diseases have accompanied human history since the Middle Pleistocene. The present work presents the facial approximation of a 15th-16th century AD Icelandic female individual with tertiary syphilis, with lesions that reached the bones, causing significant destruction on the surface of the soft tissues. The objective is to address the history of the disease and the potential harm caused by its non-treatment by offering a facial approximation of an ancient severe tertiary-syphilis patient.* ----- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The anatomical bases of the 3D digital facial approximation of the Zlatý kůň 1 woman (ca. 43,000 BP) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Francesco Maria Galassi; Luca Sineo; Jiří Šindelář; Elena Varotto; Joanna Mietlińska-Sauter; Nathalie Antunes-Ferreira; Michael E. Habicht; Thiago Beaini | ● *Anthropological Review (Polish Anthropological Society)* | ● https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.87.2.04 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *In 1950 on Mount Zlatý kůň (‘Golden Horse’) in modern-day Czech Republic a system of caves was discovered. During many years of research in this area, human and animal osteological remains have been excavated, among which the most interesting ones were nine fragments of a female skull, now dated to ca. 43,000 yrs BP which are one of the earliest known anatomically modern humans in Eurasia. The aim of this research was to use purely digital techniques to: (1) to reconstruct the skull based on the 3D data of preserved fragments, (2) to approximate the probable appearance of the female it belonged to, and (3) to analyze the calculated shape of the reconstructed mandible and volume of the neurocranium in the context of similarities and differences with other representatives of the genus Homo. Computer techniques used in this research constitute a new, original approach to the problem of 3D analyses and may be useful primarily in bioarchaeological sciences, where metric analyses of the most valuable bone artifacts are often severely limited due to the incompleteness of the material available for research. The digital techniques presented here may also contribute significantly to the field of surgery, with the possibility of being adapted for applications in cranial prosthetics and post-traumatic reconstructive surgery.* ----- 2023 (Total no ano: 6) ====================== ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic facial approximation of an individual with achondroplasia from medieval cemetery in Central Europe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, C.**; Krenz-Niedbała, M.; Łukasik, S.; Prada, C.S. | ● *Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00301 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Achondroplasia (ACH, achondroplastic dwarfism) represents the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, occurring in c. 4 out of every 100,000 births. This study presents a computer-based facial approximation of the skull of a male individual living with ACH, who died at 30–45 years of age and was buried in Łekno, Poland between the 9th and 11th centuries AD. For the approximation procedure, soft tissue data from CT scans and ultrasonic measurements performed on living individuals were used. Additionally, an anatomical deformation technique was applied to arrive at the most reliable reconstruction of the achondroplastic individual's appearance. To our knowledge, this is the first facial depiction of a person with achondroplasia, and one of the few showing a head of an individual suffering from a hereditary disease, with dimensions and shape differing from the population average values.* ----- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ludmila of Bohemia (ca. 860–921): Multidisciplinary considerations on her facial approximation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, C.**; Šindelář, J.; Galassi, F.M.; Beaini, T.L. | ● *Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00263 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Ludmila of Bohemia or Saint Ludmila (ca. 860–921) is a popular religious figure from the Czech Republic. In 2021, the reliquary containing part of her skull was scanned and the missing portion of the structure was digitally reconstructed using references from anthropological studies carried out in the late 1990s by Dr. Emanuel Vlček, Ph.D. (1925–2006). From the completed skull, an estimation of facial hard tissue made a forensic facial approximation possible. The present study aims to present the sequence of methodological analysis, the development of new techniques and procedures used in this case that can become tools to facilitate the task of digitally restoring skulls with missing structures that can be applied in archeological and surgical context. The cranial hard tissue from an anonymous donor of a CT-Scan exam was “deformed” to fit onto the remains of the historical skull of Ludmila of Bohemia. The estimated facial proportions were tested by several methods that correlate the proportions of cranial structures. The reconstruction was performed based on several scientific parameters and the resulting structures were also consistent to predictors commonly used in the forensic field. The cranial deformation method provided a hard tissue estimation and gave reference to a facial approximation of a historical figure. Its development and testing may inspire future research to support a wide range of applications that goes from archaeology to medical usage.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Morpho-radiological and brain endocast analysis in the study of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI): A combined approach ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Varotto, E.; Cafarelli, F.P.; Maglietta, F.; **Moraes, C**.; Ricci, P.; Galassi, F.M. | ● *PLoS ONE* | ● https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281727 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The purpose of this study is to anatomically evaluate the impact on the patient intra vitam of an endocranial condition on a late 20th century skull housed in the Section of Legal Medicine of the University of Foggia (Foggia, Apulia, Italy). After performing a retrospective diagnosis, the condition is framed in the broader context of studies on this pathology. An anthropological and radiological analysis (X-ray and CT scan imaging) made it possible to confirm the preliminary information and to detail the osteological diagnosis of HFI. In order to assess the impact on the cerebral surface of the endocranial growth a 3D endocast was obtained using the Software OrtogOnBlender. The skull is demonstrated to have belonged to a female senile individual known, from limited documentary evidence, to have suffered from a psychiatric condition during her life. The final diagnosis is hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI), Type D. Although a direct correlation between the demonstrated intracranial bony growth and the onset of the patient’s psychiatric condition is difficult to retrospectively ascertain, the pressure exerted on this female individual’s frontal lobe may have contributed to further degenerative behavioural changes in the last years of her life. This case adds to previous knowledge, especially from the palaeopathological literature, on this condition and, for the first time, presents a neuroanatomical approach to assess the global impact of the disease.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------ Pharaoh Tutankhamun: a novel 3D digital facial approximation ------------------------------------------------------------ | ● **Cicero Moraes**; Michael E. Habicht; Francesco Maria Galassi; Elena Varotto; Thiago Beaini | ● *Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology)* | ● https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-14514 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This article offers a novel and original facial reconstruction of pharaoh Tutankhamun based on data published in the biomedical and Egyptological literature. The reconstruction adopts the Blender 3D software, running the add-on OrtogOnBlender, which allows for a refined presentation of the soft tissues. The present reconstruction is also compared to other approaches produced in the past.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \(167) 3D Penile Reconstruction Imaging in Complex Peyronie’s Disease (PD): Proof of Concept Study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● B C G Nascimento; **C A D C Moraes**; R P Neto; B A Rocha; E D P Miranda; J D Bessa; W C Nahas; J Hallak; J P Mulhall; C M Gomes | ● *The Journal of Sexual Medicine (Oxford University Press)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad060.162 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ *The evaluation of penile deformity in PD is a critical step in therapeutic decision making and is generally the main outcome in PD clinical trials. 3D reconstruction is becoming increasingly common in the medical field, with highly accurate and long term accessible images. To date, there is no widely accepted 3D documentation protocol for penile deformity.* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A distância fronto-malar-orbital (fmo) como possível preditor de sexo biológico: estudo em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● CR Machado, LV Santos, JP Curi, **C Moraes**, Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani, Israel Chilvarquer, Thiago Leite Beaini | ● Brazilian Oral Research | ● https://repositorio.usp.br/item/003173204 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ *Dentre as análises da antropologia forense a determinação do sexo tem grande importância. Algumas estruturas são mais influenciadas pelo sexo biológico do indivíduo, sendo a pelve e o crânio particularmente determinantes na análise. Medidas lineares, índices e volume são métodos comumente utilizados, porém, dependem de uma estrutura bem preservada, o que nem sempre é possível. Dessa forma, é importante estudar diferentes preditores para aplicar de acordo com a disponibilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é verificar o potencial de predição do sexo por meio da distância entre os pontos craniométricos da sutura fronto-malar-orbital (fmo) e determinar sua aplicabilidade. Em um acervo de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) anônimas 39 foram selecionadas e a distância entre os pontos fmo direito e esquerdo foi mensurada no programa Horus®. A normalidade foi aferida por meio do teste de Shapiro-wilk. Constada a distribuição não normal (p= 0, 07) uma regressão linear foi aplicada para verificar a correlação das medidas obtidas com o sexo do indivíduo. A média para o sexo feminino foi de 91, 7mm (DP 3, 47) e para o sexo masculino foi de 95, 8mm (DP 4, 68). A regressão linear aponta relação significativa para a variável sexo (p 0,013) com um R2 de 0, 20. Os homens apresentaram uma medida fmo-fmo maior e correlação das medidas e o sexo do indivíduo. No entanto, a variável explica apenas 20% dos casos. O potencial preditivo foi verificado e motivará estudos com amostras mais significativas na busca de um método que possa ser aplicado na prática forense* ----- 2022 (Total no ano: 6) ====================== ------------------------------------------------------------- The 3D digital facial approximation of Saint Anthony of Padua ------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, C.**; Bezzi, L.; Carrara, N. | ● *Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Elsevier)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2022.e00255 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Anthony of Padua is one of the most popular saints of the Catholic Church, with great veneration in Italy, Portugal and Brazil. The present work sought to approach a little of the history of this religious figure in order to contextualize the recognitions of the body, among which the exhumation of 1981 that allowed the technical analysis and the cranial replica, digitized and used in the project presented here for the approximation of its face, as well as the survey of the endocranial volume, with the use of new technologies and statistical data collected from computed tomography.* ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic Facial Approximation of 5000-Year-Old Female Skull from Shell Midden in Guar Kepah, Malaysia ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Abdullah, J.Y.; **Moraes, C.**; Saidin, M.; Rajion, Z.A.; Hadi, H.; Shahidan, S.; Abdullah, J.M. | ● *Applied Sciences (MDPI)* | ● https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157871 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Forensic facial approximation was applied to a 5000-year-old female skull from a shell midden in Guar Kepah, Malaysia. The skull was scanned using a computed tomography (CT) scanner in the Radiology Department of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using a Light Speed Plus scanner with a 1 mm section thickness in spiral mode and a 512 × 512 matrix. The resulting images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the skull was obtained from the CT scan data using Blender’s 3D modelling and animation software. After the skull was reconstructed, it was placed on the Frankfurt plane, and soft tissue thickness markers were placed based on 34 Malay CT scan data of the nose and lips. The technique based on facial approximation by data extracted from facial measurements of living individuals showed greater anatomical coherence when combined with anatomical deformation. The facial approximation in this study will pave the way towards understanding face prediction based on skull structures, soft tissue prediction rules, and soft tissue thickness descriptors.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KV55-Akhenaton: Reassessment of the anthropological literature and a novel facial reconstruction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● Habicht, Michael; **Moraes, Cicero; Varotto**, Elena; Papa, Veronica; Aquila, Isabella; Ricci, Pietrantonio; Galassi, Francesco M. | ● *Journal of Anatomy (Wiley)* | ● WOS:000770138500080 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ ----- ------------------------------------------------------------- The Facial Reconstruction of a Mesolithic Dog, Muge, Portugal ------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, C.**; Pereira, H.M.; Requicha, J.F.; Alves, L.; Alexandre-Pires, G.; de Jesus, S.; Guimarães, S.; Ginja, C.; Detry, C.; Ramalho, M. et al. | ● *Applied Sciences (MDPI)* | ● https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104867 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *This paper presents the facial reconstruction of a Mesolithic dog whose skeleton was recovered from the Muge shell middens (Portugal) in the 19th century. We used the anatomical deformation approach based on a collection of computer tomography images as an attempt to reconstruct the Muge dog’s head appearance. We faced a few challenges due to the level of bone displacement and the absence of some cranium anatomical parts, as well as accurate information on soft tissue thickness for modern dogs. This multidisciplinary study combined anatomical, veterinary, zooarchaeological, artistic and graphic aspects to allow for the facial reconstruction of the Muge dog. Albeit an approximation, it confers a recognition to this prehistoric finding.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observational and descriptive analysis of broken dental needles: a case series ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● Lorena Batista Sandre; Elvidio de Paula e Silva; Antonio Eduardo Ribeiro Izidro; Waltencyr Mendes Pereira Neto; **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Everton Luis Santos da Rosa | ● *Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Springer Nature)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-022-01078-7 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Purpose: To discuss potential causes of broken dental needles during dental anesthesia and features of this complication, including the anatomical location of fragments in tissues, symptoms, complications, and therapeutic approaches. Methods: Twelve cases of broken dental needles occurring during dental anesthesia and subsequently referred to Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brazil, between 1992 and 2019 were selected. In addition, similar cases reported in the literature over the past 50 years were reviewed. Results: Needle fractures occur most frequently during inferior alveolar nerve blocks and in younger patients. The leading cause is unexpected patient movement during the anesthetic procedure. The needle fragment is most commonly found in the pterygomandibular space or the deep spaces of the head and neck region. Needle migration is a particular concern; although rare, it is unpredictable and potentially life-threatening. Conclusions: Needle fracture is an intraoperative complication which has the potential to cause severe patient damage. It is essential that practitioners have knowledge of this possible complication and understand the technical considerations for its prevention. The existing literature and the results of this case series analysis suggest that removal of the fractured needle fragment should be attempted as soon as possible.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Color translation from monoscopic photogrammetry +ID Methodology into a Polyjet final 3D printed facial prosthesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● Cicero Moraes; Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra; Andrés Cárdenas-Bocanegra; Uri Masch; **Cícero André Da Costa Moraes**; Rosemary Seelaus; Jorge Vicente Lopes Da Silva; Luciano Lauria Dib | ● *F1000Research* | ● https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.111196.1 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Background: The artistic techniques necessary to fabricate facial prostheses mainly depend on individual skill and are not a resource easily reproduced. Digital technology has contributed to improved outcomes, often combining analog and new digital techniques in the same workflow. Methods: This article aims to present an innovative workflow to produce a final colored 3D printed and facial prosthesis by UV-map color translation into colored resin 3D printing. A modified +ID Methodology was used to obtain 3D models with the calibrated 3D printable patient’s skin color. No hands-on physical molding, manual sculpture, or intrinsic silicone coloration was used. Results: The outcome resulted in acceptable aesthetics, adaptation, and an approximate color match after extrinsic coloration. The patient reported good comfort and acceptance. Conclusions: A direct resin 3D printed prosthesis may be a viable alternative, especially for rapid delivery as an immediate prosthesis or an option when there is no experienced anaplastogist to manufacture a conventional prosthesis.* ----- 2021 (Total no ano: 2) ====================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3D Virtual Planning for Rhinoplasty Using a Free Add-On for Open-Source Software -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Davi S Sobral; Daniele W Duarte; Rodrigo F V Dornelles; **Cícero A C Moraes** | ● *Aesthetic Surgery Journal (Oxford Academy Press)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab085 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Background: Rhinoplasty is one of the most frequent aesthetic surgeries; the procedure can be challenging for inexperienced surgeons, and positive outcomes depend on good communication with the patient, proper planning, and precise execution. Three-dimensional (3D) technology has emerged to address these issues, but specific software for 3D planning tends to be expensive. Objectives: This study presents a simple, low-cost method for 3D simulation to plan rhinoplasty. Methods: This preliminary report describes 3D rhinoplasty planning in a series of 3 cases employing free software and an add-on especially developed for rhinoplasty (Blender and RhinOnBlender, respectively). The photogrammetry protocol, which can be performed easily with a smartphone, is described in detail along with all the steps in 3D planning. Results: The software and add-on automated the process, making the tool environment accessible to surgeons who are not familiar with graphic design software. The surgeries were uneventful in all cases, and the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusions: 3D graphic technology has provided significant advances in health research, improvement, and teaching for surgeons and communication between surgeons and patients. Free open-source software and add-ons are excellent options that offer proven utility, affordability, and ease of utilization to healthcare providers.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Using 21st-Century Technologies to Determine the Cognitive Capabilities of a 11,000-Year-Old Perak Man Who Had Brachymesophalangia Type A2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● Johari Yap Abdullah; Mokhtar Saidin; Zainul Ahmad Rajion; Helmi Hadi; Norshahidan Mohamad; **Cicero Moraes**; Jafri Malin Abdullah | ● *Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences* | ● https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.1 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *skeleton found in Southeast Asia. The funerary artefacts indicate that Perak Man was highly respected, as he was buried at the centre of the highest cave in Lenggong, and he was the only person buried there. A copy of the original skull was made using computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing. Based on the internal structure of the reconstructed skull, the estimated intracranial volume (ICV) is 1,204.91 mL. The hypothetical face of Perak Man was reconstructed according to established forensic methods. Based on his presumed status, Perak Man was likely a respected person in the group and, perhaps, a shaman and the most knowledgeable person in the group regarding survival, hunting, gathering and other aspects of Palaeolithic daily life.* ----- 2020 (Total no ano: 6) ====================== ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accuracy of three-dimensional virtual simulation of the soft tissues of the face in OrtogOnBlender for correction of class II dentofacial deformities: an uncontrolled experimental case-series study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Hugo Santos Cunha; **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Rodrigo de Faria Valle | ● *Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Springer Nature)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-020-00920-0 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Purpose: To assess whether virtual simulations of the projection of the soft tissues of the face after class II bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, generated from 3D reconstruction of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, differed significantly from the actual soft tissue profile obtained in the late postoperative period (beyond 6 months). Secondarily, to validate the accuracy of a free, open-source software suite for virtual soft tissue planning in orthognathic surgery. Methods: Helical CT scans were obtained pre- and postoperatively from 16 patients with Angle class II malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. A comparative study between soft tissue meshes constructed for surgical simulation (M1) and the actual meshes obtained from postoperative scans (M2) was then performed. To establish the accuracy of 3D facial soft tissue simulation in a free and open-source software suite (OrtogOnBlender-OOB), 17 predetermined anatomic landmarks were measured in M1 and M2 scans after alignment of cranial structures. Results: The mean error between preoperative simulations and actual postoperative findings was < 2 mm for all anthropometric landmarks. The overall average error for the facial soft tissues was 1.07 mm. Conclusion: Comparison between preoperative simulation (M1) and actual postoperative findings (M2) showed clinically relevant ability of the method to reproduce actual surgical movement reliably (< 2-mm error). OOB is capable of accurate soft tissue planning for orthognathic surgery, but mesh deformation methods still require improvement.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3D forensic facial approximation: Implementation protocol in a forensic activity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Rosane Pérez Baldasso; **Cicero Moraes**; Elisa Gallardo; Monica Bujes Stumvoll; Kleber Cardoso Crespo; Raíssa Ananda Paim Strapasson; Rogério Nogueira Oliveira | ● *Journal of Forensic Sciences (Wiley)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14587 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The primary objective of this paper is to report on the successful implementation of forensic facial approximation in a real case in the forensic context. A three-dimensional (3D) facial approximation protocol of the skull was performed with free software, applying techniques in a virtual environment that have already been consolidated in the literature. The skull was scanned with the photogrammetry technique, the digital replica was imported in the Blender software (Blender Foundation, Amsterdam) and individualized model sketches of the face were traced with the MakeHuman software (MakeHuman Org) according to the anthropological profile of the victim. The face created was imported in Blender, where it was adapted, modeled, and sculpted on the 3D skull and its soft tissue markers, using an American open-source application of the technique in the digital environment. The face created in a virtual environment was recognized and legal identification procedures were started, resulting in the more agile delivery of the disappeared body to its next of kin. It is therefore concluded that facial approximation may not be a primary method of human identification, but it can be satisfactorily applied in the forensic field as an individual recognition resource. It has great value in narrowing the search, reducing the number of alleged victims, and leading to identification tests, therefore significantly reducing the number of genetic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) tests—which are considered costly for the State or Federation—and consequently reducing the waiting time before delivery of the body to its family.* ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use of cone beam computed tomography, a desktop 3D printer and freeware for manufacturing craniofacial bone prostheses: a pilot study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Danny Gutiérrez-López, Carlos Ortiz-Márquez, **Cicero Moraes**, Gustavo Obando-Pereda | ● *Journal of Oral Research* | ● https://doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2020.017 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The aim of this study was to reconstruct missing bone parts using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), freeware and a desktop 3D printer. Materials and Methods: A human skull was used and osteotomies were performed in the frontal process of the zygomatic bone, zygomatic process of the temporal bone and part of the parietal bone. The 3D image was then obtained CBCT and the DICOM file was transformed into STL and exported using InVesalius software. Missing bone parts were modeled by overlapping with OrtogOnBlender software for later printing using a desktop 3D printer. Result: The obtained prostheses had very good adaptation to the missing bone parts. Conclusion: It is feasible to make bone prostheses by 3D printing using low-cost desktop printers, as well as the use of free open-source software programs through CBCT.* ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uso de CBCT y herramientas computacionales odontológicas para la reconstrucción tridimensional de objetos arqueológicos ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Marcelo Almache Cazar, Belén Merchán Pacheco, **Cicero André da Costa Moraes**, Francisco Vega, Mauricio Espinoza | ● *Revista Odontología Activa* | ● https://doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v5i3.520 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Las tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico (CBCT) proporcionan imágenes 3D de alta calidad con resoluciones submilimétricas, con tiempos de exploración bastante cortos (10 a 70 segundos) y dosis de radiación hasta 15 veces menor que los sistemas clásicos de tomografías. Gracias a esto, su uso en diferentes ámbitos, tanto en odontología como en otras áreas, ha aumentado significativamente. Adicionalmente, el avance de la teleradiología y la compatibilidad de las imágenes DICOM resultantes con distintos tipos de software de planificación, simulación e impresión 3D; han permitido consolidar una herramienta potente para el posible diagnóstico temprano y preciso de distintas lesiones profundas, anomalías y la adquisición de un conocimiento profundo sobre un área maxilofacial específica y su relación con las estructuras adyacentes. Sin embargo, sus mediciones resultantes con muy poco rango de error y la posibilidad de generar reconstrucciones tridimensionales la pintan como un claro instrumento pedagógico y de gran utilidad en técnicas modernas de investigación arqueológica, tecnológica, forense, antropológica y biomédica. Este artículo, proporciona una descripción general de los sistemas de CBCT, sus tecnologías computacionales asociadas y demuestra su aplicabilidad como herramientas para el análisis, preservación, reconstrucción y reproducción de piezas arqueológicas. A modo de prueba, se describe su aplicación en la adquisición de distintos modelos estereolitográficos de restos arqueológicos del Museo Pumapungo de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Multiresolution and Displacement: Modifier Attribution to Enhance Realistic 3D Photogrammetry for Models of the Face -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Rodrigo Salazar Gamarra, **Cicero André da Costa Moraes**, Everton Luis Santos da Rosa, Rosemary Seelaus, orge Vicente Lopes da Silva, Luciano Dib | ● *Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR)* | ● http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004864 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a workflow for obtaining realistic 3D models of human faces, using enhanced tools and features of free software.Methods: Faces of six (6) subjects of varying ages were digitized using monoscopic photogrammetry technology according to PlusID (+ID) methodology by combining smartphone captures and image processing through OrtogOnBlender addon, programmed through Blender®, an Open-Source Software in a PC. Alignment, resizing, unifying texture maps and attribution of multiresolution and displacement modifier tools were applied on the 3D models for the purpose of enhancing the 3D model to achieve more realistic features of the face. Results: Resultant 3D models with medium-quality anatomic features were obtained as a first instance and were enhanced to produce high-quality resolution of enhanced realistic features and textures of the human face for all subjects. Facial anatomy could be reproduced in*.STL, *. OBJ and other file formats with no major irregularities. Conclusion: The combined use of multiresolution and displacement features allowed us to increase mesh density & geometric detail, by using the gray scale images of the UV-mapped surface texture to displace the mesh surface of the digital model for more realistic representation of physical features of the human face. Clinical implication: This workflow allowed us to obtain digital models with more realistic features of the face (compared to more conventionally prepared 3D printing files), to be used for digital analysis, prosthesis design and 3D printing purposes.* ----- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Alleged Skull of Sophocles: Anthropological and Paleopathological Confutation of a 19th Century Myth -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Francesco M Galassi, Michael E Habicht, **Cicero Moraes**, Elena Varotto | ● *V Conference of Studies on ancient Sicily: Theater, music and dance in ancient Sicily* | ● https://iris.unipa.it/handle/10447/673042 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Sophocles is remembered as one of the greatest poets and playwrights in history. Allegedly the author of over one hundred tragedies, only seven survive to this day. While much has been written and said about his life and literary production, the events characterizing his final years are still nebulous and abundant with anecdotes of rather dubious trustworthiness. One of these is about his being sued by his own son Iophon because he was apparently no longer capable of managing the family fortune due to a supposed dementia.* 2019 (Total no ano: 1) ====================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures: a retrospective clinical comparison of open versus closed treatment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Renata Porto Stypulkowski; Aline Gama Santos; Elvidio de Paula e Silva; **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Everton Luis Santos da Rosa | ● *Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Springer Nature)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-019-00760-7 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Purpose: To retrospectively compare the clinical outcomes of closed treatment (closed reduction and intermaxillary fixation) with open treatment (open reduction and internal fixation with miniplates and screws) of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures. Methods: Adult patients with unilateral condylar fractures treated from January 2011 to July 2013 in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at the Base Hospital of the Federal District, Brazil, were invited to participate. Those who agreed to participate were scheduled for clinical evaluation, which consisted of a subjective questionnaire (completed by the examiner) and an objective physical examination of the temporomandibular joints and mandibular range of motion. The following variables were analyzed: mouth opening; lateral excursions of the mandible; presence of clicking; mandibular function impairment (speech, chewing); and occlusion. Results: Seventeen patients (15 men and 2 women) attended the scheduled appointment: 9 had received open treatment (surgical) and 8 had received closed treatment (nonsurgical). Patients were evaluated at 6–30 months postoperatively. Only maximum mouth opening (p = 0.044) and maximum lateral excursion to the unaffected side (p = 0.030) showed a significant difference between the closed and open treatment groups. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with those reported in the literature as both methods (closed and open treatment) produced satisfactory outcomes. The only between-group difference was the amount of maximum mouth opening and lateral excursion to the unaffected side. Further randomized studies with a larger number of patients with condylar process fractures are needed to verify the results obtained with each treatment.* ----- 2018 (Total no ano: 4) ====================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ New technique in facial reconstruction: the case of Giovanni Battista Morgagni ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ● Alberto Zanatta, Luca Bezzi, Nicola Carrara, **Cicero Moraes**, Gaetano Thiene, Fabio Zampieri | ● *Anthropologischer Anzeiger* | ● https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2018/0818 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Abstract Morgagni is considered the father of pathological anatomy. He died in 1771, 89 years old, and was buried in Saint Maxim church in Padua, where his wife and five of his 15 children were already buried. In 2011, an anthropological analysis confirmed that one of the skulls belonged to the oldest individuals among those found in Morgagni’s tomb. A genetic analysis proved a kinship between this skull and the fragments of young individuals (one male and two females), supporting the hypothesis that they were Morgagni and his children. Thanks to the interaction between historical studies, anthropological research, and molecular analysis we can assume that the skull belongs to Giovanni Battista Morgagni and the skull fragments came from his children. Having obtained the identification of Morgagni, we performed a forensic facial reconstruction with new 3D technology. We compared the facial reconstruction with Morgagni’s portraits done when he was living and near to his death, as to be closest to his real resemblances. Finally, we performed a superimposition test with busts and portraits, as to achieve a further confirmation of the molecular identification.* ----- -------------------------------------------- Three-Dimensional (3D) Facial Reconstruction -------------------------------------------- | ● **Cicero André da Costa Moraes**, Paulo Eduardo Miamoto Dias | ● *The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences (Wiley)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119188230.saseas0001 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Originating in the late nineteenth century, three-dimensional (3D) facial reconstruction is a human identification auxiliary technique that uses the skull and other information to produce an approximate image of the appearance of an individual while still alive. Three major schools of 3D facial reconstruction serve as a reference for modern applications of the technique: the Russian, the American, and the British methods, developed, respectively in the 1920s, 1960s, and 1970s. 3D techniques started with manually modeling clay, but increasingly apply computational solutions via manual, semi-, or fully automated methods. There are different contexts for the application of the technique which vary from forensic human identification to shedding light on the appearance of historical figures and evolutionary ancestors. Recently, genetic analysis is being used as reference data to produce fully automated facial reconstructions.* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- La Tagliata della Rocchetta. La ricostruzione digitale di un forte della Grande Guerra. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Bezzi, Luca; Bezzi, Alessandro; Gietl, Rupert; **Moraes, Cicero**; Naponiello, Giuseppe; Feistmantl, Kathrin | ● *Archeologia Postmedievale* | ● https://doi.org/10.36153/apm22007 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the results of a Digital Archaeology project applied to the ruins of one of the defensive structures belonging to the fortification system that the Austrian Empire (from 1867 on, Austro-Hungarian Empire) built in the period between the Italian Risorgimento and the beginning of the Great War. More precisely, the study focused on Fort Rocchetta, which was marginally involved by some events of the First World War. This project made use of both archaeological and historical methodologies, through a strategy that will be described after a brief overview of the main events involving the structure (from its initial construction to its partial demolition). The information collected during the study led to a four-dimensional virtual model of the fort, from which digital images and videos were derived with the purpose of verifying the initial hypotheses concerning the building and to share the results. The entire project is part of a broader study of the Val di Non area (Trentino - Italy), where the ruins of Fort Rocchetta are located. Using a multidisciplinary approach this preliminary study analyzed, many of the archaeological evidences related to the conflict that are still present in this valley. The results can be considered as a starting point for future specialized research.* ----- ---------------------- RhinOnBlender - 18.069 ---------------------- | ● Rodrigo de Faria Valle DORNELLES, **Cicero Andre da Costa MORAES**, Juan Pablo Borges MARICEVITCH, Everton Luis Santos da ROSA | ● *Proc. of 3DBODY.TECH 2018 - 9th Int. Conf. and Exh. on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies* | ● https://doi.org/10.15221/18.069 | ● Abstract Reviewed ✔ *Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an addon to Blender software, an accurate virtual planning protocol in rhinoplasty through three-dimensional (3D) technology and virtual tools using free software. Methods: An addon to software Blender was developed with use a conventional photographic documentation to obtain a photogrammetry of patient. A virtual planning protocol was stablished to predict a rhinoplasty result, with the use measurements direct on the virtual mesh. After the process, a virtual guide was building with the possibilities to 3D printing to use in the surgery. Results: Strong correlation between virtual planning with RhinOnBlender and the surgery results were observed. The 3D printing guide was usefull to orientate the surgeon during rhinoplasty surgery. Conclusions: Protocol using 3D technology and virtual tools with an addon RhinOnBlender to a free software enabled precise planning to rhinoplasty surgery.* ----- 2017 (Total no ano: 1) ====================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comparação entre cinco sistemas de digitalização 3D por fotogrametria aplicados à antropologia forense e odontologia legal -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Giulia Cristina Batistela, **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**, Paulo Miamoto | ● *Revista Brasileira de Odontologia Legal* | ● https://doi.org/10.21117/rbol.v4i3.122 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *A análise forense de restos mortais e outros vestígios pode ser complementada pela digitalização tridimensional (3D). A fotogrametria de curta distância, consiste na extração de informações geométricas 3D a partir de imagens fotográficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar cinco sistemas de digitalização (Photoscan®, 123dCatch®, ReCap360®, PPT-GUI® e OpenMVG®+MVS®) quanto à operabilidade e qualidade das malhas 3D geradas a partir de 42 fotografias de um crânio seco, tomadas com um smartphone. Duas escalas métricas ABFO nº2 foram posicionadas rente ao crânio. Após o processamento, as nuvens de pontos 3D resultantes foram convertidas em malhas 3D e/ou texturizadas quando necessário, e redimensionadas em escala 1:1. O número de vértices, faces, fator de escala e uma medida conhecida foram registrados. Recortou-se as regiões que não faziam parte do crânio e novamente o número de faces e vértices foi registrado. Para operabilidade, avaliou-se tempo de processamento, necessidade de conexão à Internet, funcionalidade limitada por versão não paga, texturização automática, entre outros parâmetros. Para qualidade, as malhas também foram avaliadas em seu aspecto visual, em seu aspecto quantitativo de vértices e faces, e diferença estatística das médias das medidas. Embora o uso de duas escalas idênticas tenha gerado artefatos, todos os programas geraram malhas tridimensionais adequadas, com algumas diferenças no resultado final e na operação. Cada ferramenta obteve resultados satisfatórios dentro de suas particularidades. Photoscan® teve operabilidade e resultados bons, porém seu custo pode ser um obstáculo. ReCap360® e 123dCatch® são fáceis de operar, mas dependem de Internet e possuem funcionalidade limitada.* ----- 2016 (Total no ano: 4) ====================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Torre dei Sicconi: progetto di ricostruzione e valorizzazione di un antico sito castellare trentino --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Nicoletta Pisu, Alessandro Bezzi, Luca Bezzi, **Cicero Moraes** | ● *Archeologia e Calcolatori (CNR)* | ● https://www.archcalc.cnr.it/supplements/articles/892 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The old castle of Torre Sicconi was founded in 1201 by the Caldonazzo family on the hill (Monte Rive, TN) which rises above the village. In 1385 the fortress was badly damaged during the conflict against enemy troops from Vicenza and Verona. The castle was partially rebuilt in the same place, but during 16th century the political and social changes led to a progressive abandonment of the site. The ruins were definitively destroyed in 1915 by the Austro-Hungarian army. In 2005 the city council of Caldonazzo and the Archaeological Superintendency of Trento started a project to restore the site of Torre Sicconi. The project was divided into three phases: first, the castle was investigated by archaeologists who discovered many of the original buildings; then, the walls were consolidated and repaired and, in the meantime, the entire hill was converted from a wood to a botanical garden; lastly, all the data collected from the different research projects (historical, archaeological, architectural, survey, remote sensing, etc.) were used to rebuild the castle in a Virtual Reality World.* ----- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A digital approach for design and fabrication by rapid prototyping of orthosis for developmental dysplasia of the hip --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Rodrigo Munhoz; **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Harki Tanaka; Maria Elizete Kunkel | ● *Research on Biomedical Engineering (ScELO)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.00316 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Introduction Immobilization in a hip spica cast is required in surgical and nonsurgical treatments for children aged three months to four years diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Skin complications are associated with the use of the spica cast in 30% of the cases. This research explores the use of photogrammetry and rapid prototyping for the production of a lighter, shower friendly and hygienic hip orthosis that could replace the hip spica cast. Methods Digitalized data of a plastic dool was used for design and fabrication of a customised hip orthosis following four steps: 1) Digitalization of the external anatomical structure by photogrammetry using a smartphone and open source software; 2) Idealization and 3D modeling of the hip orthosis; 3) Rapid prototyping of a low cost orthosis in polymer polylact acid; 4) Evaluation tests. Results Photogrammetry provided a good 3D reconstruction of the dool's hip and legs. The manufacture method to produce the hip orthosis was accurate in fitting the hip orthosis to the contours of the doll. The orthosis could be easily placed on the doll ensuring mechanical strength to immobilize the region of the hip. Conclusion A new approach and the feasibility of both techniques for hip orthosis fabrication were described. It represents an exciting advance for the development of hip orthosis that could be used in orthopedics. To test the effectiveness of this orthosis for developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment in newborns, material and mechanical tests, design optimization and physical tests with patients should be carried.* ----- --------------------------------------------------- Analisi di uno studio open source: il Taung Project --------------------------------------------------- | ● Alessandro Bezzi, Luca Bezzi, Cicero Moraes, Nicola Carrara, Moreno Tiziani | ● *Proceedings of ArcheoFOSS : Free, libre and open source software e open format nei processi di ricerca archeologica: VIII Edizione, Catania 2013* | ● https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.15135938.28?seq=1 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *With this article we would like to present the analysis regarding a case of study of “open research”: the Taung Project. The primary target of this scientific work has been the craniofacial reconstruction of the famous “Taung Child”, an hominid belonging to the species Australopitecus africanus, whose fossilized skull has been described in 1925 by Raimond Dart, in the journal “Nature”. The whole project has been conducted using only Free/Libre and Open Source Software (and Hardware), sharing the knowledge related with each phase of the workflow and releasing with open licenses all the data produced during the study, from raw photoset to final 3D models. The aim of this contribution is to focus the attention on the benefits brought by an “open approach” to the research, describing the steps that led to the Taung Project, its progress and its many derivations.* ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Faces. The Many Faces of Human History. An Open Source Exhibition ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ● Bezzi, Alessandro; Bezzi, Luca; **Moraes, Cicero**; Carrara, Nicola; Pievani, Telmo; Tiziani, Moreno | ● *Archeologia e Calcolatori (CNR)* | ● WOS:000395307200031 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ ----- 2014 (Total no ano: 2) ====================== ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Demonstration of protocol for computer-aided forensic facial reconstruction with free software and photogrammetry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Cícero André da Costa Moraes**; Paulo Eduardo Miamoto Dias; Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani | ● *Journal of Research in Dentistry* | ● https://doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e1201477-90 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *Purpose: Forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is an auxiliary technique that approximates a face in order to generate identifications. Technological development allows access to open software that can be applied to FFR. The demonstrated protocol has features from creating 3D replicas of the skull to finishing and displaying the reconstruction. PPT GUI is used for 3D scanning, and the resulting point cloud is converted into a 3D mesh in MeshLab. The sculpture is made in Blender, according to the user’s preferred technique. The adaptation of the skin layer and finishing of the reconstruction is optimized with the use of templates. In this phase, details can also be hand-carved. Allied to basic training in the software featured in this protocol, the open access to these tools and its independence of imaging hardware other than digital cameras is an advantage to its application in forensic and research contexts.* ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic 3D facial approximation from a CT scan video of a mummified Egyptian-Roman child ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ● **Moraes, Cicero A. da Costa**; Amorim, Paulo H. J.; de Moraes, Thiago F.; Ruppert, Guilherme C. S.; da Silva, Jorge V. L.; Santos, Moacir E. | ● *High Value Manufacturing: Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping (Taylor & Francis)* | ● https://doi.org/10.1201/b15961-107 | ● Peer Reviewed ✅ *The first studies on Egyptian mummies date back to the 19th century, when the unwrapping was the most common practice to have access to the bodies hidden by then linen bandages.This method, in most cases, caused irreparable damage to the mummies. However, with the discovery of X-rays and computed tomography, as well as the growing ethical discussion in the study of human remains, researches have become less invasive. In this study, we used, as a noninvasive case study, the forensic facial approximation of a mummified child from the Roman Period, belonging to the collection of the Saint Louis Science Center, using the images of a CT scan made available in video format.*